Lead (Pb²⁺) is one of the most toxic heavy metals, posing serious environmental and health risks due to its persistence and bioaccumulation potential. This study investigates the in vitro bioremediation capacity of five native probiotic bacteria—Lactobacillus acidophilus PTCC-1932, Lactobacillus paracasei IRBC-M 10784, Lactobacillus rhamnosus IBRC-M 10782, Bifidobacterium bifidum BIA-7, and Bifidobacterium lactis BIA-6—combined with inulin, a prebiotic oligosaccharide, for removing lead from aqueous solutions. The focus was on assessing their ability to bind and remove two common lead salts: lead nitrate and lead acetate. pH dynamics were monitored throughout incubation as an indicator of bacterial metabolic activity and metal interaction. Results showed that the combination of L. paracasei IRBC-M 10784, lead nitrate, and inulin caused the most significant pH reduction (5.30 ± 0.012), indicating strong metabolic and biosorption activity. While inulin slightly accelerated pH decline across all samples, this effect was not statistically significant. Lead nitrate-containing media consistently exhibited greater pH drops than lead acetate, likely due to its higher acidity and solubility.
The highest lead removal efficiency was observed in L. acidophilus PTCC-1932 (88.48%), followed by B. bifidum BIA-7 (85.32%), B. lactis BIA-6 (85.24%), L. rhamnosus IBRC-M 10782 (83.18%), and L. paracasei IRBC-M 10784 (80.66%). These findings suggest a direct correlation between probiotic strain and detoxification capability. Notably, the presence of inulin enhanced lead removal in L. acidophilus, L. paracasei, and B. lactis, demonstrating synergistic effects between prebiotics and probiotics. However, B. bifidum and L. rhamnosus showed greater efficacy in lead nitrate environments when inulin was present. The results also revealed that L. acidophilus had a broader removal capacity for both salt types, while L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, and B. bifidum preferentially removed lead nitrate. This preference may be linked to the higher solubility and availability of lead nitrate in solution compared to lead acetate, which tends to precipitate more readily.
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the involvement of multiple functional groups in lead binding, including hydroxyl (-OH), carboxylic (-COOH), carbonyl (C=O), amino (-NH₂), and amide (C-N) groups located on the bacterial cell wall. These groups likely participate in electrostatic interactions and complexation with Pb²⁺ ions. Principal component analysis (PCA) of FTIR data successfully distinguished treated samples from controls, revealing clear clustering patterns based on the presence of lead salts and inulin.CORO1A Antibody custom synthesis PC1 accounted for 60.MYL2 Antibody site 67% of variance, effectively separating lead nitrate, lead acetate, and media samples from pure probiotic cultures.PMID:35137459 Samples treated with both probiotics and inulin formed distinct clusters, indicating specific molecular interactions. Hierarchical clustering further supported these observations, grouping samples into five main clusters reflecting different combinations of bacteria, lead salts, and inulin.
In conclusion, the simultaneous use of native probiotics and inulin presents a promising, safe, and efficient strategy for the bioremediation of lead-contaminated environments. The study demonstrates that certain strains, particularly L. acidophilus PTCC-1932, exhibit superior lead removal capacity, influenced by both the type of lead salt and the presence of inulin. Functional group analysis confirms the role of key biochemical moieties in metal adsorption, while chemometric tools like PCA provide robust insights into molecular interactions. Future research should explore long-term exposure, growth kinetics, survival under stress, and the impact of inulin structure variations on detoxification efficiency. This approach offers a sustainable, biological alternative for managing heavy metal pollution in food and environmental systems.MedChemExpress (MCE) offers a wide range of high-quality research chemicals and biochemicals (novel life-science reagents, reference compounds and natural compounds) for scientific use. We have professionally experienced and friendly staff to meet your needs. We are a competent and trustworthy partner for your research and scientific projects.Related websites: https://www.medchemexpress.com
