Liposomes are versatile nanocarriers composed of lipid bilayers capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Their ability to deliver therapeutic agents through the skin has made them increasingly valuable…
**Background** Plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by immune-mediated keratinocyte proliferation. A central driver of this pathology is the interleukin-23 (IL-23) pathway, where IL-23 acts as a…
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent anthracycline antibiotic widely used in cancer chemotherapy due to its broad-spectrum antitumor activity. Despite its efficacy, clinical application is limited by severe toxicities affecting vital…
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible lung disease characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the lungs, leading to impaired gas exchange and respiratory failure. Despite advances…
**Background** The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens poses a significant threat to global public health, necessitating the development of potent antimicrobial agents. Gram-positive bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant S.…
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors and plays a pivotal role in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor progression across multiple carcinoma types. While hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are central…
**Background** The p53 protein is a critical tumor suppressor that regulates cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis in response to cellular stress. In many human cancers, the activity of…
Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-null mice by impairing the balance between angiotensin II (AII) and nitric oxide (NO). Our previous data suggested a role…
**Background** Ocular inflammatory diseases, such as dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy, often involve the infiltration of T cells into ocular tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. A…
Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess potent immunomodulatory properties that enable them to suppress alloreactive T-cell responses. This suppression is critical for their potential use in treating immune-mediated disorders. While…