**Background**
Thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1, is an essential micronutrient that serves as a critical cofactor for numerous central metabolic enzymes. Beyond its role in energy metabolism, thiamine has gained significant attention in biomedical research due to its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways and protect neurological functions. Specifically, it has been shown to activate the Nrf-2/HO-1 antioxidant system while inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators such as TLR4 and NF-κB. These properties make it a valuable tool in studying diabetic complications, neurological diseases, colitis, and various forms of cancer. In this context, we will introduce a versatile metabolic cofactor and anti-inflammatory agent – Thiamine.
**Definition**
Thiamine hydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite and essential micronutrient that targets TLR4 to exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
**In Vitro and In Vivo Studies**
The Thiamine biological activity has been extensively documented across various experimental models. In terms of Thiamine in vitro studies, treatment with thiamine hydrochloride (0.125-2 μg/mL for 24 h) increases cellular PDH activities and enhances the basal, maximum, and ATP production oxygen consumption rate in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, high doses of thiamine (10-100 mM for 5 days) reduce proliferation in the SK-N-BE and Panc-1 cancer cell lines, demonstrating its potential in Thiamine Cancer research. Additionally, thiamine (200 μM) protects human infragenicular arterial smooth muscle cells against glucose- and insulin-mediated proliferation.
Regarding Thiamine in vivo applications, thiamine hydrochloride (300 µg/kg, administered on alternate days for 14 days) ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction in adult BALB/C albino mice by reactivating the Nrf-2/HO-1 system and inhibiting the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway. In models of inflammation, thiamine (150-200 mg/kg, i.p. for 21 days) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects in adjuvant-induced arthritis Wistar rats. Moreover, thiamine (20 mg/kg/d, i.p. for 5 days) attenuates macroscopic colon parameters and reduces the total colitis index in rats with colitis. In conclusion, Thiamine is a potent micronutrient with significant neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties.
Keywords
Thiamine, 67-03-8, Thiamine chloride, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B 1, Vitamin B-1, Endogenous Metabolite, Keap1-Nrf2, Toll-like Receptor (TLR), NF-κB, Nuclear factor-κB, Nuclear factor-kappaB, Neuroprotective, Anti-inflammatory, Neurological diseases, Cancers, and Colitis., Inhibitor, inhibitor, inhibit
References
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