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agronomyArticleBiofortification of Sweetcorn with Iodine: Interaction of Organic and Inorganic Types of Polygodial Epigenetics Iodine Combined with VanadiumMarlena Grzanka 1, , Sylwester Smolen 1, , Lukasz Skoczylas 2 and Dominik AVE5688 Protocol GrzankaDepartment of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31425 Krak , Poland; [email protected] Division of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Meals Technologies, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30149 Krak , Poland; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (S.S.)Citation: Grzanka, M.; Smolen, S.; Skoczylas, L.; Grzanka, D. Biofortification of Sweetcorn with Iodine: Interaction of Organic and Inorganic Types of Iodine Combined with Vanadium. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy11091720 Academic Editor: Massimiliano D’Imperio Received: 9 July 2021 Accepted: 24 August 2021 Published: 28 AugustPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Abstract: Around the world, maize cultivation is an essential part of meals systems for humans and animals. Productive reactions against the occurrence of ailments associated to the deficiency of components in the human diet are related to the biofortification of plant species of broad significance, including maize. The enrichment of maize with iodine is tricky as a result of the poor transport of this element to the plant’s generative organs. In marine algae, vanadium is part of the structure in the enzyme iodinedependent peroxidase (vHIPO) that catalyzes the uptake of cellular iodine (I) and its volatilization as I2 . The relationship between iodine and vanadium in greater plants, even so, isn’t wellknown. The aim of this research was to identify the impact of vanadium fertilization and also the interactions of organic and inorganic iodine compounds with vanadium beneath soil application. Inside the pot experiment, NH4 VO3 was applied to the soil in two doses of 0.1 and 1 ol m3 each separately and in combination, together with the following iodine compounds: 5iodosalicylic acid (5ISA), 2iodobenzoic acid (2IBeA), potassium iodide (KI), and potassium iodate (KIO3 ). The iodine compounds have been also applied independently to vanadium, although in the control combination, fertilization was performed without having I and V. Iodine compounds had been applied with doses calculated working with the molar mass of this element (i.e., 10 ol m3 I). The highest amount of iodine accumulation in grains (irrespective of fertilization with V) was obtained immediately after the application of organic compounds 5ISA and 2IBeA. A decrease dose of vanadium (0.1 ol m3 ) in combination with KI and KIO3 elevated the accumulation of iodine in leaves, roots, and grains in comparison with the mixture without the need of the additional application of vanadium. The combined application of vanadium in both doses with 2IBeA most properly stimulated the transport and accumulation of iodine for the maize grain. Under the combined application of 5ISA and vanadium (ten ol m3 ), we observed the stimulating effect of this organic iodine compound around the accumulation of vanadium inside the roots also as the antagonistic effect of vanadium in combination with 5ISA around the accumula.
