Anuscript; available in PMC 2016 April 02.Galv et al. EJG is supported by Conacyt M ico CB-2011-01-166241 and INFR-2012-01-187757. RG is supported by Conacyt M ico, I020/193/10 FON.INST.-29-10. GB is supported by NIH grant R01 GM066018.PageAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptExperiments were performed in the University of Pittsburgh, USA and Cinvestav-Sur, M ico City. Conception and early experiments: TPR and EJG who also developed, performed and analyzed the electrophysiological information. EJG and GB wrote the manuscript. RG, GGL and EL performed the IHC experiments. All the authors read and agreed the interpretation of your outcomes.
bs_bs_bannerMinireview Histidine biosynthesis, its regulation and biotechnological application in Corynebacterium glutamicumRobert K. Kulis-Horn, Marcus Persicke and J n Kalinowski Centrum f Biotechnologie, Universit Bielefeld, Universit sstra 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. SummaryL-Histidine biosynthesis is an ancient metabolic pathway present in bacteria, archaea, decrease eukaryotes, and plants. For decades L-histidine biosynthesis has been studied mainly in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, revealing fundamental regulatory processes in bacteria. Furthermore, in the final 15 years this pathway has been also investigated intensively within the industrial amino acid-producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, revealing similarities to E. coli and S. typhimurium, as well as variations. This overview summarizes the αLβ2 Inhibitor custom synthesis current expertise of L-histidine biosynthesis in C. glutamicum. The genes involved and corresponding enzymes are described, in particular focusing around the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase (HisFH) plus the histidinol-phosphate phosphatase (HisN). The transcriptional organization of his genes in C. glutamicum is also reported, including the four histidine operons and their promoters. Know-how of transcriptional regulation throughout stringent response and by histidine itself is summarized along with a translational regulation mechanism is discussed, too as clues about a histidine transport system. Lastly, we go over the possible of working with this know-how to create or boost C. glutamicum strains for the industrial L-histidine production.Introduction Corynebacterium glutamicum can be a well-established microorganism for biotechnological applications. Despite the fact that it has been engineered for the production of many fine chemical compounds like succinate (Litsanov et al., 2012) or isobutanol (Blombach et al., 2011), it really is nevertheless mainly employed for the production of L-amino acids (Becker and Wittmann, 2012). Essentially the most vital amino acids are L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) and L-lysine (feed additive) determined by production scales (Becker and Wittmann, 2011). In addition, there are also efforts to create efficient producers for other amino acids like L-leucine, L-serine, and MMP-14 Inhibitor Molecular Weight L-methionine. These efforts are supported by a detailed insight into the corresponding amino acid biosynthetic pathways and their regulation in C. glutamicum and happen to be summarized in several testimonials or book chapters (Eggeling and Bott, 2005; Wendisch, 2007; Blombach and Seibold, 2010; Brinkrolf et al., 2010). However, to date there’s no critique out there about L-histidine biosynthesis and its regulation in this amino acid-producing microorganism. Here, we intend to summarize the present understanding on histidine biosynthesis, its regulation and attempts for application in C. glutamicum. The published information are discusse.
