Against DPPH and superoxide anion free radicals and their Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) minimizing capacity. Ixora coccinea IxPE IxCE IxME IxWE Gallic acid Scavenging activity against DPPH radical (IC50 S.D.) NA NA 9.63 1.22 26.01 two.66 1.ten 0.39 Scavenging activity against superoxide radical (IC50 S.D.) NA NA 838.03 21.04 655.06 17.83 156.86 36.39 FCR reducing capacity (mgGAc /gextract ) 0.5 0.04 six.83 0.5 27.75 0.55 12.32 0.43 –IC50 values are expressed in g/mL; NA: not active; S.D.: regular deviation; IC50 : volume of antioxidant essential to scavenge the initial DPPH/superoxide radical by 50 ; mgGAc /gextract : mg of gallic acid equivalent/gram of extract; GAc: gallic acid; IxPE: I. coccinea petroleum ether extract; IxCE: I. coccinea chloroform extract; IxME: I. coccinea methanol extract; IxWE: I. coccinea water extract.4.5 four three.Absorbance at 700 nm3 two.five two 1.five 1 0.5 0 0.0 0.5 IxPE IxME Gallic acid 1.0 1.5 Concentration (mg/mL) two.0 2.decreased the cell viability from 47.03 to 35.32 , with escalating concentration (Figure two(b)). Potent antioxidant IxME and IxWE showed dose dependent protection (47.334.71 and 47.859.47 , resp.). Nevertheless, IxCE showed 48.360.09 cell viability at 1.5600 g/mL. 3.four. Wound Healing 3.four.1. Acute Skin Irritation and Toxicity. In skin irritation and toxicity assay, any sign of inflammation and irritation were not observed in each 1 and two.5 (w/w) IxME hydrogel. Therefore, high concentration two.5 (w/w) IxME hydrogel was selected for in vivo wound healing study. 3.four.two. Wound Contraction. The entire wound location was decreased in parallel to postwound days (Figure three(a)). Nontreated and vehicle treated animal groups showed 51.three and 54.25 wound contraction on 21st postoperative days, respectively. On the other hand, IxME treated animal group showed 96.78 and gentamicin sulfate treated group 89.59 wound contraction. The contraction rate was substantially higher in IxME treated group as when compared with nontreated and vehicle treated control group. 3.4.three. Hydroxyproline Content. IxME and gentamicin sulfate treated group showed significantly increased degree of hydroxyproline as in comparison with nontreated and vehicle treated groups (Figure 3(b)). Although the hydroxyproline content material of IxME therapy group was larger as compared to gentamicin sulfate treated group but the information had been statistically not significant. three.4.four. Histopathological Observations. IxME and gentamicin sulfate treated animal groups showed properly organized wound healing processes (inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling) in postoperative days. Alternatively, vehicle and nontreated animal groups depict slow price of epithelialization and dermal layer with lesser collagen bundles (Table 3). Histopathological section of day 7 showed mild to moderate edema and ulcer in nontreated and car treated groups, with abundant polymorphonuclear cell (PMC).Tirbanibulin The infiltration rate of mononuclear and fibroblast cells were observed low (Figure 4).Miridesap Nonetheless, 7-day IxME treated wound tissueIxCE IxWEFigure 1: Ferric ion decreasing antioxidant power (FRAP) of unique I.PMID:24563649 coccinea extracts.9.63 and 26.01, respectively. On the other hand, IxWE (IC50 = 655.06 g/mL) possess the higher superoxide radical scavenging strength than IxME (IC50 = 838.03 g/mL). FRAP and FCR assay data further revealed the antioxidant potency in the IxME and IxWE (Figure 1 and Table two). three.3. Fibroblast Proliferation and Viability. Amongst all of the extracts, IxPE decreased the cell viability from 84.02 to 44.99 in.
