Ation, (148,614 patients) were prescribed a single potentially inappropriate medication, 77,923 (7.six ) were prescribed two and 69,116 (six.eight ) were prescribed 3 or far more.Prevalence of PIP according to person STOPP criteriaIn order to investigate the FP Inhibitor MedChemExpress potential impact of co-morbid situations on PIP, we applied the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) towards the CPRD information. The CCI is the most widely studied morbidity index and its validity has been confirmed by comparison with other indices [23,24]. It has also been validated for application to longitudinal databases [25]. The CCI takes account of both the quantity and severity from the comorbid circumstances.OutcomesThe major outcome was the general prevalence of PIP in these aged 70 years in 2007 inside the UK, based on the extensive set of 52 STOPP criteria as well as the subset of 28 criteria. Secondary outcome measures had been: (i) the prevalence of PIP per individual STOPP criterion, and (ii) the association involving PIP, polypharmacy, CCI, gender, and age group.Table two describes the prevalence for each and every individual STOPP criteria, listed by physiological program. One of the most popular situation of PIP was therapeutic duplication (121,668 patients 11.9 ), followed by use of aspirin with no history of coronary, cerebral or peripheral vascular symptoms or occlusive arterial event (115,576 individuals 11.3 ). Use of PPIs at maximum therapeutic dose for eight weeks (38,153 sufferers, 3.7 ) was the third most common PIP, while alpha blockers with long-term urinary catheter in situ (31,226 patients 3.1 ) was next. Several other criteria had a prevalence much less than 0.5 . There was sturdy evidence of an association involving PIP and polypharmacy. These receiving 4 or additional repeat medications had been 18 occasions far more likely to become exposed to PIP when compared with these on 0? medicines (OR 18.two, 95 CI, 18.0-18.four, P 0.05). The odds of getting a PIP was only slightly decrease in females in comparison to males when adjusting for other things (OR 0.9 95 CI 0.90.9, P 0.05). PIP was less prevalent in those aged 85 years and above in comparison to those aged 70?four yearsBradley et al. BMC Geriatrics 2014, 14:72 biomedcentral/1471-2318/14/Page 4 ofTable 1 Descriptive qualities on the study population in CPRDPIP No PIP (n = 723,838) (n = 295,653) Gender -Male ( ) -Female ( ) -Missing ( ) Age (years) -70?four ( ) -75?0 ( ) -81?five ( ) – 85 ( ) Morbidities (Charlson morbidity index score) -1 ( ) -2 ( ) -3 ( ) Polypharmacy (four drugs) -Never ( ) -Ever ( ) Chronic Obructive Pulmonary Disease -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Peptic ulcer -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Diabetes -No ( ) -Yes ( ) IL-6 Inhibitor manufacturer Dementia -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Hypertension -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Osteoarthritis -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Heart failure -No ( ) -Yes ( ) Parkinsonism -No ( ) -Yes ( ) 290,071 (29.0) 709,721 (71.0) five,582 (28.three) 14,117 (71.7) 292,294 (29.0) 715,868 (71.0) three,359 (29.7) 7,970 (70.four) 216,981 (26.5) 601,325 (73.5) 78,672 (39.1) 122,513 (60.9) 140,467 (21.1) 525,316 (78.9) 155,186 (43.9) 198,522 (56.1) 283,983 (28.five) 710,985 (71.five) 11,670 (47.six) 12,853 (52.four) 225,280 (27.3) 625,591 (72.7) 70,373 (41.7) 98,247 (58.3) 274,487 (28.9) 675,938 (71.1) 21,166 (30.7) 47,900 (69.four) 277,497 (28.two) 707,447 (71.8) 18,156 (52.six) 16,391 (47.5) 114,816 (14.six) 669,572 (85.3) 180,837 (76.9) 54,266 (23.1) 189,864 (28.3) 481,983 (71.7) 52,365 (46.eight) 53,424 (22.7) 59,519 (53.two) 182,336 (77.3) 82,177 (37.4) 92,488 (37.six) 62,407 (33.1) 58,581 (18) 137,366 (62.6) 153,778 (62.four) 126,040 (66.9) 306,654 (84) 122,817 (28.7) 304,622 (71.3) 172,834 (29.two) 419,211 (70.
